Several factors can trigger and promote this bacterial imbalance :

• Poor oral hygiene :

  Brushing teeth should be done two to three times a day with toothpaste, and the efficient use of interdental brushes or dental floss at least once a day prevents the accumulation of harmful bacteria. Daily cleaning of the tongue is also essential.

  
  

• Dental and/or gum pathologies :

  Even if hygiene is adequate, breath is affected by the presence of microorganisms from dental caries, abscesses, and gum diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis).

  As long as the necessary treatment has not been performed, the metabolism of these microorganisms generates sulfur-containing volatile compounds causing halitosis.
  
  

• A decrease in saliva quantity :

  Saliva has antibacterial and antifungal neutralization power.

  It also regulates pH and participates in the initial phase of digestion by coating food to form the food bolus.

  A decrease in saliva production will lead to dryness of the mouth or xerostomia.

  This decrease is favored by stress, tobacco or alcohol consumption, taking medications, lifestyle changes or hormonal changes,…

  
  

• Medical pathologies :

  Diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, liver or kidney diseases, and respiratory tract conditions (e.g.: sinusitis, asthma, laryngitis, etc.) are factors promoting oral bacterial imbalances and thus halitosis.